(偈167)
莫追逐欲乐，莫流于放逸，
莫执持邪见，莫久住世间。
(注: 欲乐-卑劣法：五種欲的法)
Do not serve mean ends, Do not live in heedlessness. Do not embrace false views. Do not be a world-upholder.
# 含义 Meaning
不要作恶, 不可放逸, 要去除邪见, 不可贪婪世间物(如此, 才不会受苦)。
Do not follow ignoble ways, do not live in negligence, do not embrace wrong views, do not be the one to prolong samsara (lit., the world).
* 故事集 Story
与少女争吵的比库 13-167
有一次，一位年轻的比库和一位年老的比库到维沙卡的家化缘。得到供养的食物之后，年老的比库就独自到其它地方去，留下年轻的比库在维沙卡的家。这时候，维沙卡的孙女正要过滤水，准备供养年轻比库，却看见大水罐中自己的倒影，不禁笑了起来。年轻的比库看见她在笑，也跟着笑了起来。但这女孩看年轻比库对着她笑时，却说：“你这光头佬，干嘛笑我？”年轻的比库也回敬她：“你也是个光头，你母亲和父亲也都是光头佬（注）。”这女孩一听之下就跑去向祖母哭诉。维沙卡立刻向年轻比库说：“请不要因为她而生气，她无意冒犯你。但比库确实剃除头发，穿上碎布做成的袈裟，用无边缘的钵化缘。所以她的话，不对吗？”年轻比库回答说：“你说的没错。但她为什么要因此羞辱我呢？”这时候，年老的比库回来了，但也无法安抚年轻的比库和年轻的女孩。
不久，佛陀也来到维沙卡的家，并且了解这件误会的原委。佛陀知道这位年轻的比库证得初果的机缘已经成熟了，为了使年轻的比库更能接受他的话，佛陀就问维沙卡：“只因为这位比库剃除头发，你孙女就称呼他光头佬，这有什么意义呢？毕竟，他剃除头发是为了加入僧团。”年轻比库听到佛陀如此说后，就向佛陀礼敬，并且说：“世尊！只有你才了解我，我的老师和这女孩的祖母都不了解我。”佛陀知道年轻比库这时候的心态已经可以理解佛法，就接着说：“享受感官欲望是卑微的，存有卑微的心念是错误的，不如法的！”
(注) 这是指责别人言行鲁莽的话。
The Story of a Young Bhikkhu 13-167
Once, a young bhikkhu accompanied an older bhikkhu to the house of Visakha. After taking rice gruel, the elder bhikkhu left for another place, leaving the young bhikkhu behind at the house of Visakha. The granddaughter of Visakha was filtering some water for the young bhikkhu, and when she saw her own reflection in the big water pot she smiled. Seeing her thus smiling, the young bhikkhu looked at her and he also smiled. When she saw the young bhikkhu looking at her and smiling at her, she lost her temper, and cried out angrily, "You, a shaven head! Why are you smiling at me ?" The young bhikkhu reported, "You are a shaven head yourself; your mother and your father are also shaven heads!" Thus, they quarrelled, and the young girl went weeping to her grandmother. Visakha came and said to the young bhikkhu, "Please do not get angry with my grand daughter. But, a bhikkhu does have his hair shaved, his finger nails and toe nails cut, and putting on a robe which is made up of cut pieces, he goes on alms-round with a bowl which is rimless. What this young girl said was, in a way, quite right, is it not?" The young bhikkhu replied. "It is true but why should she abuse me on that account ?" At this point, the elder bhikkhu returned; but both Visakha and the old bhikkhu failed to appease the young bhikkhu and the young girl.
Soon after this, the Buddha arrived and learned about the quarrel. The Buddha knew that time was ripe for the young bhikkhu to attain Sotapatti Fruition. Then, in order to make the young bhikkhu more responsive to his words, he seemingly sided with him and said to Visakha, "Visakha, what reason is there for your grand daughter to address my son as a shaven head just because he has his head shaven? After all, he had his head shaven to enter my Order, didn't he?"
Hearing these words, the young bhikkhu went down on his knees, paid obeisance to the Buddha, and said, "Venerable Sir! You alone understands me; neither my teacher nor the great donor of the monastery understands me." The Buddha knew that the bhikkhu was then in a receptive mood and so he said, "To smile with sensual desire is ignoble; it is not right and proper to have ignoble thoughts."
(偈168)
警觉不放逸，精进行圣道，
实践善法者，今世来世乐。
Do not be heedless in standing (for alms). Practice this righteous conduct well. One who practices rightly, lives happily in this world and the next.
# 含义 Meaning
人不可放逸, 应该勤修正法善行, 如此做的人今生与来世都安乐。
Do not neglect the duty of going on alms-round; observe proper practice (in going on alms-round). One who observes proper practice lives happily both in this world and in the next.
(偈169)
奉善不造恶，精进行圣道，
实践善法者，今世来世乐。
Scrupulously observe (this) practice. Do not observe it unscrupulously. He who observes this practice lives happily both in this world and in the next.
# 含义 Meaning
人不可作恶行, 应该奉行正法善行, 如此做的人今生与来世都安乐。
Do not observe improper practice. Observe proper practice (in going on alms-round); dOne who observes proper practice lives happily both in this world and in the next.
* 故事集 Story
佛陀返回咖毕喇瓦土城 13-168 & 169
佛陀究竟证悟后第一次返回咖毕喇瓦土城(佛陀的家乡)时，住在尼拘娄陀园，并且在当地为亲戚们说法。净饭王认为佛陀身为他的孩子，第二天应该会直接到他的王宫来化缘，而不会到其他地方去才对，所以并没有特别邀请佛陀前去接受供养，只是下令准备供养而已。
由于没有人特别邀请他前去接受供养，佛陀和众多比库第二天就进城化缘。进城之前，他心里斟酌着：「过去诸佛再进入亲戚的城市时，是直接到亲戚的家去，或逐户化缘？」经过思惟后，他明白过去佛都是一家一户地化缘，也就依序去化缘。
当净饭王从儿媳妇耶输陀罗(佛陀未出家时的妻子)处得知这件几近羞辱的消息后，异常愤怒，就去找佛陀：「孩子，你为什么要羞辱我？看你如此化缘，我真的无地自容，你曾经是坐着金轿旅游的人，现在却一家一户化缘，这种作法适当吗？你为什么要羞辱我！」
佛陀回答道：「国王，我并没有羞辱你，我不过是遵照过去诸佛的规矩而已，诸佛皆化缘生。」
国王明白诸佛都是如此，于是接受佛陀化缘的作法。
The Story of King Suddhodana 13-168 & 169
When the Buddha revisited Kapilavatthu for the first time he stayed at the Nigrodharama monastery. There, he expounded the Dhamma to his relatives. King Suddhodana thought that Gotama Buddha, who was his own son, would go to no other place, but would surely come to his palace for alms-food the next day; but he did not specifically invite the Buddha to come for alms-food. However, the next day, he prepared alms-food for twenty thousand bhikkhus. On that morning the Buddha went on his alms-round with a retinue of bhikkhus, as was the custom of all the Buddhas.
Yasodhara, wife of Prince Siddhattha before he renounced the world, saw the Buddha going on an alms-round, from the palace window. She informed her father-in-law, King Suddhodana, and the King went in great haste to the Buddha. The king told the Buddha that for a member of the royal Khattiya family, to go round begging for food from door to door was a disgrace. Whereupon the Buddha replied that it was the custom of all the Buddhas to go round for alms-food from house to house, and therefore it was right and proper for him to keep up the tradition.
Then the Buddha spoke the above verse, at the end of the discourse, the father of Gotama Buddha attained Sotapatti Fruition.
(偈170)
观世如水泡，观世如幻相，
如是观世者，死魔不得见。
Just as one would look upon a bubble, just as one would look upon a mirage — if a person thus looks upon the world, the king of death sees him not.
# 含义 Meaning
人若视世间如水泡, 如海市蜃楼, 则不落生死轮回。
If a man looks at the world (i.e., the five khandhas) in the same way as one looks at a bubble or a mirage, the King of Death will not find him.
* 故事集 Story
观海市蜃楼 13-170
有一次，几百位比库到森林去禅修。但由于进展太缓慢，他们决定回精舍向佛陀请示更适合他们的禅修题目。
途中，他们遇见了海市蜃楼，就针对这种现象禅修起来。后来，当他们抵达精舍时，突然暴雨来袭，硕大的雨滴打在地上，行成水泡，后来就消失不见了。
他们因此如是思惟：「我们的身体就像这些水泡，终究会毁坏。」而察觉到五蕴的无常。
The Story of Five Hundred Bhikkhus 13-170
On one occasion, five hundred bhikkhus, after taking a subject of meditation from the Buddha, went into the forest to practise meditation. But they made very little progress; so they returned to the Buddha to ask for a more suitable subject of meditation. On their way to the Buddha, seeing a mirage they meditated on it. As soon as they entered the compound of the monastery, a storm broke out; as big drops of rain fell, bubbles were formed on the ground and soon disappeared. Seeing those bubbles, the bhikkhus reflected "This body of ours is perishable like the bubbles", and perceived the impermanent nature of the aggregates (khandhas).
The Buddha saw them from his perfumed chamber and sent forth the radiance and appeared in their vision.
Then the Buddha spoke the above verse, at the end of the discourse, those five hundred bhikkhus attained arahatship.
(偈171)
细观此世间，如盛妆皇乘，
愚人为沉迷，智者离贪着。
This world is like an ornamented royal chariot. Fools flounder in it, but for the wise there is no attachment.
# 含义 Meaning
世间如国王华丽的车乘, 愚痴的人沉缅其中, 智者则不执着。
Come, look at this world (i.e., the five khandhas), which is like an ornamented royal carriage. Fools flounder in this world of the khandhas, but the wise are not attached to it.
* 故事集 Story
佛陀安慰悲伤的王子 13-171
阿婆耶王子拈平边境的叛乱后，凯旋归来。宾比萨拉王非常高兴，恩准他在七日内享受君王般的恩宠和荣耀，同时特地派一位女舞者加以慰劳。第七天当这女舞者正在花园娱乐王子和他的同伴时，突然心脏病发作，而当场倒地死亡。王子受到惊吓，感到十分沮丧。他非常哀伤地前去面见佛陀，寻求佛陀的安慰。佛陀告诫他：“王子，你累世以来所流的泪无可计量，愚痴的人才会深深陷入世间五蕴（注）之中。”
(注) 五蕴，根据佛陀的说法，众生由五蕴组成：色、受、想、行、识。色由各种力量和性质组成，心也有五十二种心理状态，其中的受和想两种心理状态独立出来，成为五蕴之一，其余的五十种心理状态通称之为行蕴。
The Story of Prince Abhaya 13-171
On one occasion, Prince Abhaya triumphantly returned after suppressing a rebellion at the frontier. King Bimbisara was so pleased with him that for seven days, Abhaya was given the glory and honour of a ruler, together with a dancing girl to entertain him. On the last day, while the dancer was entertaining the prince and his company in the garden, she had a severe stroke; she collapsed and died on the spot. The prince was shocked and very much distressed. Sorrowfully, he went to the Buddha to find solace. To him the Buddha said, "O prince, the tears you have shed all through the round of rebirths cannot be measured. This world of aggregates (i.e., khandhas) is the place where fools flounder."
(偈172)
人若昔放逸，今止而不犯，
如月出云散，普明照世间。
Whoever was heedless before and afterwards is not; such a one illuminates this world like the moon freed from clouds.
# 含义 Meaning
以前放逸的人, 现今不再犯, 如明月无云翳, 并照耀世间。
He, who has been formerly unmindful, but is mindful later on, lights up the world with the light of Magga Insight as does the moon freed from clouds.
* 故事集 Story
手执扫帚的比库 13-172
沙姆迦尼尊者大部分的时间都在打扫，住在同一精舍的离瓦塔尊者反而大部分的时间都在禅修。沙姆迦尼尊者认为离瓦塔尊者只是在浪费时光。
有一天，沙姆迦尼尊者告诉离瓦塔尊者：「你很懒惰，只知依靠信徒出于虔诚和慷慨所供养的食物。难道你不觉得有时候也该打扫地板、房屋或其它地方吗？」
离瓦塔尊者回答他：「朋友！比库不应该所有的时间都在打扫。应该在清晨时打扫，然后外出化缘，进食之后，观身，察觉生命的真相，或者，背诵经文直到晚上，这时候，如果愿意的话，可以再打扫一次。」沙姆迦尼尊者严格遵照离瓦塔尊者的话去做，不久就证得阿罗汉果。
其他比库发现沙姆加尼尊者不再把大部分时间在打扫，就问他原因。 他说：「当我正念尚未具足时，我经常打扫，但现在我已经正念现前了。」
其他比库对他的话存有怀疑，就去请教佛陀：「世尊！沙姆迦尼尊者宣称他是阿罗汉了。」佛陀告诉他们，沙姆迦尼尊者真的已经是阿罗汉果了。
The Story of Thera Sammajjana 13-172
Thera Sammajjana spent most of his time sweeping the precincts of the monastery. At that time, Thera Revata was also staying at the monastery; unlike Sammajjana, Thera Revata spent most of his time in meditation or deep mental absorption. Seeing Thera Revata's behaviour, Thera Sammajjana thought the other thera was just idling away his time. Thus, one day Sammajjana went to Thera Revata and said to him, "You are being very lazy, living on the food offered out of faith and generosity; don't you think you should sometimes sweep the floors or the compound or some other place?" To him, Thera Revata replied, "Friend, a bhikkhu should not spend all his times sweeping. He should sweep early in the morning, then go out on the alms-round. After the meal, contemplating his body he should try to perceive the true nature of the aggregates, or else, recite the texts until nightfall. Then he can do the sweeping again if he so wishes." Thera Sammajjana strictly followed the advice given by Thera Revata and soon attained arahatship.
Other bhikkhus noticed some rubbish piling up in the compound and they asked Sammajjana why he was not sweeping as much as he used to, and he replied, "When I was not mindful, I was all the time sweeping; but now I am no longer unmindful." When the bhikkhus heard his reply they were sceptical; so they went to the Buddha and said, "Venerable Sir! Thera Sammajjana falsely claims himself to be an arahat; he is telling lies." To them the Buddha said, "Sammajjana has indeed attained arahatship; he is telling the truth."
(偈173)
人若昔作恶，今则奉诸善，
如月出云散，普明照世间。
Whoever, by a good deed, covers the evil done, such a one illuminates this world like the moon freed from clouds.
# 含义 Meaning
以前造作恶业的人, 现今以善业补救, 如明月无云翳, 并照耀世间。
He who overwhelms with good the evil that he has done lights up this world (with the light of Magga Insight), as does the moon freed from clouds.
* 故事集 Story
证圣果的杀人凶手 13-173
鸯掘魔的本名是阿伊沙卡，出生为婆罗门，他的父亲在高沙喇国巴谢那地王的王宫任职。他的父母送他前往怛剎尸罗接受教育，由于他相当聪慧，而且服从老师，因此甚得老师和师母的欢心，其他学生因此忌妒他，就向老师诬告他和师母有染。刚开始的时候，老师不相信他们的话，但经过他们一再的诬告，他终于相信，而决定报复阿伊沙卡，但又害怕杀害阿伊沙卡会受到报应，于是便设计一个比直接杀害无辜的阿伊沙卡更恶毒的计画：他告诉阿伊沙卡去杀害一千个人，而且每杀一个人，就砍下一根指头给他 ，做为感谢他教导的学费。阿伊沙卡虽然十分不愿意，但为了服从老师，就开始杀人，并且把砍下来的指头挂在树上，但这些指头却被乌鸦和秃鹰吃掉，所以他就把指头做成项鍊，以确定数目。
由于他的杀人行为，人们称呼他为鸯掘魔（意思是手指头项鍊），他也因此成为令人惧怕的人物。国王知道他的暴行之后，下令要逮捕他。他的母亲玛塔妮听到国王的命令后，就亲自下乡，打算拼了老命也要拯救他。而这时候，他颈上的项鍊已经有九百九十九根手指头了，只差一根就凑足一千的数目了。
当天清晨，佛陀明白如果不加以阻挠的话，正在寻找最后一个被害者的阿伊沙卡一定会发现他的母亲，并且加以杀害。果真如此，他就会受更长久的苦报。出于对他的慈悲，佛陀就出发前去他栖身的森林。
经过很多不眠不休的日子，阿依沙卡非常疲倦、焦虑，整个人几近崩溃而急于砍下最后一根手指头。他决定杀害第一个见到的人，就在这时候，他瞥见佛陀，便高高举起刀子追赶上去，想要加以杀害。但无论如何追赶，佛陀总是在前面。最后，他大声吼叫：「比库！停止！停止！」
佛陀回答道：「我已经停止了，是你自己未曾停止。」
阿伊沙卡并不明白佛陀话中的涵意，就问道：「比库！你为什么说，你已经停止，是我尚未停止？」
佛陀告诉他：「我说我已经停止，因为我已经不再杀害众生，不再瞋恨众生，我内心满怀无限的爱心、耐心和智慧。而你尚未放弃杀害众生，瞋恨众生，而且没有爱心与耐心。因此你才是尚未停止下来的人。」
听完佛陀这席话，阿伊沙卡心中激起一阵思考：「这些话只有智者才说得出口，这比库智慧超凡，兼且异常勇敢，他一定是比库的领导者，他一定就是佛陀！他必定是为了使我重见光明才专程来这里的。」这么一想之后，他放下武器，请求佛陀恩许他加入僧团，佛陀也答应他的请求。
阿伊沙卡的母亲在森林里到处喊他的名字，但遍寻不着，只好回家去。后来，国王和手下在佛陀的精舍找到他，但发现他已经放弃过去的邪恶行为，成为比库，就决定放他一条生路。阿伊沙卡于是在精舍里，精进修行。
尽管如此，他的内心仍然不得安宁，因为即使单独禅修的时候，过去的种种作为和那些受害者令人怜悯的哀嚎总是浮现在脑海里。每当他外出化缘时，人们更因为他过去所做的恶业而向他投掷石头，或者用棍杖打他，所以每次都是头破血流，一身瘀青的回揭达林给孤独园。佛陀告诫他：「鸯掘魔！你已经不再作恶了，要有耐心！你现在所受的，都是你今生所作恶业的恶报。如果不是我遇见你，你的恶业会令你在地狱中遭受更长久的折磨。」
一天早上，他在到沙瓦提城化缘的路上听见痛苦的哭声。当他发现是一位孕妇正在产前疼痛，却无法顺利生产时，他内心想到：「一切众生都免不了苦。」他满怀慈悲心地回去向佛陀叙说孕妇产前痛苦一事，佛陀就教导他诵读一段经文，这段经文后人称之为《鸯掘魔经》。学会后，他回到原来的地方，坐下来，隔着一片纱幕，开始诵唸佛陀教他的经文：「姊妹！自从我成为阿罗汉以来，我未曾故意杀害任何众生，愿此经文使你一切顺利，且预祝你未出世的孩子安好。」这时候，这妇女顺利生下孩子且母子均安。这经文至今仍然有效。
鸯掘魔喜欢单独一人在偏僻的地方居处。后来，他安祥的去世了，但已经证得阿罗汉果，所以他的去世是般涅槃。其他比库请问佛陀鸯掘魔往生何处，佛陀告诉他们：「鸯掘魔已经般涅槃了。」他们却不相信：「杀害这么多人命的人可能般涅槃吗？」
佛陀回答他们：「比库们！鸯掘魔因为没有善友，所以才会作下如此多的恶业。后来，他经由善友的协助和忠告，而坚定、正念现前地修习佛法和修禅。因此，他的恶业被他的善业所粉碎，内心没有丝毫的污垢烦恼。
The Story of Thera Angulimala 13-173
Angulimala was the son of the Head Priest in the court of King Pasenadi of Kosala. His original name was Ahimsaka. When he was of age, he was sent to Taxila, a renowned university town. Ahimsaka was intelligent and was also obedient to his teacher. So he was liked by the teacher and his wife; as a result, other pupils were jealous of him. So they went to the teacher and falsely reported that Ahimsaka was having an affair with the teacher's wife. At first, the teacher did not believe them, but after being told a number of times he believed them; and so he vowed to have revenge on the boy. To kill the boy would reflect badly on him; so he thought of a plan which was worse than murder. He told Ahimsaka to kill one thousand men or women and in return he promised to give the boy priceless knowledge. The boy wanted to have this knowledge, but was very reluctant to take life. However, he agreed to do as he was told.
Thus, he kept on killing people, and not to lose count, he threaded a finger each of everyone he killed and wore them like a garland round his neck. In this way, he was known as Angulimala, and became the terror of the countryside. The king himself heard about the exploits of Angulimala, and he made preparations to capture him. When Mantani, the mother of Angulimala, heard about the king's intention, out of love for her son, she went into the forest in a desperate bid to save her son. By this time, the chain round the neck of Angulimala had nine hundred and ninety-nine fingers in it, just one finger short of one thousand.
Early in the morning on that day, the Buddha saw Angulimala in his vision, and reflected that if he did not intervene, Angulimala who was on the look out for the last person to make up the one thousand would see his mother and might kill her. In that case, Angulimala would have to suffer in niraya endlessly. So out of compassion, the Buddha left for the forest where Angulimala was.
Angulimala, after many sleepless days and nights, was very tired and near exhaustion. At the same time, he was very anxious to kill the last person to make up his full quota of one thousand and so complete his task. He made up his mind to kill the first person he met. Suddenly, as he looked out he saw the Buddha and ran after him with his knife raised. But the Buddha could not be reached while he himself was completely exhausted. Then, looking at the Buddha, he cried out, "O bhikkhu, stop! stop!" and the Buddha replied, "I have stopped, only you have not stopped." Angulimala did not get the significance of the words of the Buddha, so he asked, "O Bhikkhu! Why do you say that you have stopped and I have not stopped?"
The Buddha then said to him, "I say that I have stopped, because I have given up killing all beings, I have given up ill-treating all beings, and because I have established myself in universal love, patience, and knowledge through reflection. But, you have not given up killing or ill-treating others and you are not yet established in universal love and patience. Hence, you are the one who has not stopped." On hearing these words from the mouth of the Buddha, Angulimala reflected, "These are the words of a wise man. This bhikkhu is so very wise and so very brave ; he must be the ruler of the bhikkhus. Indeed, he must be the Buddha himself! He must have come here specially to make me see the light." So thinking, he threw away his weapon and asked the Buddha to admit him to the Order of the bhikkhus. Then and there, the Buddha made him a bhikkhu.
Angulimala's mother looked for her son everywhere in the forest shouting out his name, but failing to find him she returned home. When the king and his men came to capture Angulimala, they found him at the monastery of the Buddha. Finding that Angulimala had given up his evil ways and had become a bhikkhu, the king and his men went home. During his stay at the monastery, Angulimala ardently and diligently practised meditation, and within a short time he attained arahatship.
Then, one day, while he was on an alms-round, he came to a place where some people were quarrelling among themselves. As they were throwing stones at one another, some stray stones hit Thera Angulimala on the head and he was seriously injured. Yet, he managed to come back to the Buddha, and the Buddha said to him, "My son Angulimala! You have done away with evil. Have patience. You are paying in this existence for the deeds you have done. These deeds would have made you suffer for innumerable years in niraya." Soon afterwards, Angulimala passed away peacefully; he had realized parinibbana.
Other bhikkhus asked the Buddha where Angulimala was reborn, and when the Buddha replied "My son has realized parinibbana", they could hardly believe it. So they asked him whether it was possible that a man who had killed so many people could have realized parinibbana. To this question, the Buddha replied, "Bhikkhus! Angulimala had done much evil because he did not have good friends. But later, he found good friends and through their help and good advice he had been steadfast and mindful in his practice of the dhamma. Therefore, his evil deeds have been overwhelmed by good (i e., Arahatta Magga)."
(偈174)
此世间盲闇，鲜为人察见，
鸟少脱罗网，人鲜有升天。
(注: 盲闇-无智慧)
Blind is this world. Few are those who see clearly. As birds escape from a net, few go to a blissful state.
# 含义 Meaning
世间大部分的人是盲目的, 只有少数的人明白正法; 一如只有少数的鸟脱离罗网, 少数的人往生善趣。
Blind are the people of this world: only a few in this world see clearly (with Insight). Just as only a few birds escape from the net, so also, only a few get to the world of the devas, (and Nibbana).
* 故事集 Story
明白世间实相的纺织女 13-174
有一天，佛陀在阿拉维讲授生命的无常。佛陀说：「请正念现前地观死：生命是不确定的，死亡是确定的，人总有一天要面对死亡。」
佛陀也劝诫大众要经常保持正念，察觉生命的实相。他也告诫大众：「如同手持木棍或长矛的人在面对敌人和其他有毒、危险的动物时，不至于手足无措一般，对死亡有正念的人也会保持正念面对死亡，因此会往生善界。」很多人无法领会其中的涵义，但一位十六岁的纺织女清楚明白佛陀的深意。说法后，佛陀返回揭达林给孤独园。
有一天，佛陀透过天眼观察世间，明白那位女孩证得初果的机缘已经成熟，就再度前往阿拉维说法。当这女孩听到佛陀和数百位比库再度莅临说法时，也想前去听法，但他父亲却急需一些纺织用的线轴，她于是快速绑好线轴，然后出去找父亲，想把这些线轴交给父亲。路上，她在听法大众的外围停留了一会儿。
佛陀知道这女孩一定会来听法。佛陀也知道，这女孩一定要在前往纺织机器之前听闻佛法，而不是离开纺织机后才来听法。因为她生命即将消失，而她往生何处仍不确定。所以当年轻的纺织女孩出现在听法大众的外围时，佛陀仔细注视她，而当她发现佛陀注视她时，她放下篮子，恭敬的走向佛陀。佛陀就问她四个问题：
「妳从何处来？」 「我不知道。」
「妳要往何处去？」「我不知道。」
「妳不知道吗？」 「我知道。」
「妳知道吗？」 「我不知道。」
大众听见她如此回答佛陀的问题，都认为她对佛陀不恭敬。佛陀就问她的回答是什么涵意。
她说：「世尊！既然你知道我从家里来，所以我认为你第一个问题是问我的过去世是什么，我就回答：『不知道。』第二个问题问我的来世要往生何处，我回答：『我不知道。』第三个问题问我知不知道有一天会死亡，所以我回答：『我知道。』最后的问题问我知不知道何时会死亡，我回答：『我不知道。』」佛陀听完她的解释后，称赞她的解释。她也在听完佛陀的说法后，证得初果。
The Story of the Weaver-Girl 13-174
At the conclusion of an alms-giving ceremony in Alavi, the Buddha gave a discourse on the impermanence of the aggregates (khandhas). The main points the Buddha stressed on that day may be expressed as follows:
"My life is impermanent; for me, death only is permanent. I must certainly die; my life ends in death. Life is not permanent; death is permanent."
The Buddha also exhorted the audience to be always mindful and to strive to perceive the true nature of the aggregate. He also said,"As one who is armed with a stick or a spear is prepared to meet an enemy (e.g. a poisonous snake), so also, one who is ever mindful of death will face death mindfully. He would then leave this world for a good destination (sugati)." Many people did not take the above exhortation seriously, but a young girl of sixteen who was a weaver clearly understood the message. After giving the discourse, the Buddha returned to the Jetavana monastery.
After a lapse of three years, when the Buddha surveyed the world, he saw the young weaver in his vision, and knew that time was ripe for the girl to attain Sotapatti Fruition. So the Buddha came to the country of Alavi to expound the dhamma for the second time. When the girl heard that the Buddha had come again with five hundred bhikkhus, she wanted to go and listen to the discourse which would be given by the Buddha. However, her father had also asked her to wind some thread spools which he needed urgently, so she promptly wound some spools and took them to her father. On the way to her father, she stopped for a moment at the outer fringe of the audience, who had come to listen to the Buddha.
Meanwhile, the Buddha knew that the young weaver would come to listen to his discourse; he also knew that the girl would die when she got to the weaving shed. Therefore, it was very important that she should listen to the Dhamma on her way to the weaving shed and not on her return. So, when the young weaver appeared on the fringe of the audience, the Buddha looked at her. When she saw him looking at her, she dropped her basket and respectfully approached the Buddha. Then, he put four questions to her and she answered all of them. The questions and answers are as given below.
Questions Answers
(1) Where have you come from? (1) I do not know.
(2) Where are you going? (2) I do not know.
(3) Don't you know? (3) Yes, I do know.
(4) Do you know? (4) I do not know, Venerable Sir.
Hearing her answers, the audience thought that the young weaver was being very disrespectful. Then, the Buddha asked her to explain what she meant by her answers, and she explained.
"Venerable Sir! Since you know that I have come from my house, I interpreted that, by your first question, you meant to ask me from what past existence I have come here. Hence my answer, 'I do not know.' The second question means, to what future existence I would be going from here; hence my answer, 'I do not know.' The third question means whether I do not know that I would die one day; hence my answer, 'yes, I do know.' The last question means whether I know when I would die; hence my answer, 'I do not know.
The Buddha was satisfied with her explanation and he said to the audience, "Most of you might not understand clearly the meaning of the answers given by the young weaver. Those who are ignorant are in darkness, they are just like the blind."
Then the Buddha spoke the above verse, at the end of the discourse, the young weaver attained Sotapatti Fruition.
Then, she continued on her way to the weaving shed. When she got there, her father was asleep on the weaver's seat. As he woke up suddenly, he accidentally pulled the shuttle, and the point of the shuttle struck the girl at her breast. She died on the spot, and her father was broken-hearted. With eyes full of tears he went to the Buddha and asked the Buddha to admit him to the Order of the bhikkhus. So, he became a bhikkhu, and not long afterwards, attained arahatship.
(偈175)
勤者以神力，如鹅飞虚空。
破魔及魔军，得脱离于死。
(注: 魔-十烦恼：色爱、厌梵行、饥渴、贪、怠惰、恐惧、疑、掉举恶作、得名誉、自赞毁他; 全偈指证得涅槃、神通自在的阿罗汉)
Swans wing along on the path of the sun. Mystics go through air by psychic powers, The wise are led away from the world, having conquered Māra and his host.
# 含义 Meaning
天鹅鼓翅飞行天空, 人以神通横越太空, 智者征服魔波旬及其眷属后, 不再轮回。
Swans travel in the sky; those with supernormal powers travel through space; the wise having conquered Mara together with his army, go out of this world (i.e., realize Nibbana).
* 故事集 Story
三十位比库突然消失 13-175
## 阿难达 = 阿难陀 (十大弟子 / 多闻第一)
有一天，三十位比库前来向佛陀顶礼问讯。他们进入佛陀的房间时，服侍在佛陀一旁的阿难达尊者马上离开，到外边去等候。过了一阵子，阿难达尊者再度进入时，却不见先前的三十位比库。他就问佛陀他们到那里去了。
佛陀回答：
「他们都走了。」
「从那里出去的？」
「从空中，阿难达！」
「但，世尊，他们都证得阿罗汉果吗？」
「没错，阿难达，他们听完说法后都证得阿罗汉果，并且具有神通。」
这时候，佛陀看见天空有几只天鹅飞过，他说：
「阿难达，证得阿罗汉果的人，就像天鹅一样能飞过天空。」
(注1) 透过修行，人可以横越天空、凌水而过，遁入地中等。这些能力是精神的、超越自然的，但绝不是奇迹。
(注2) 阿罗汉证得般涅槃，不再轮回。
The Story of Thirty Bhikkhus 13-175
## Ananda (The ten principal disciples/ Foremost memorize in buddha teaching)
Once, thirty bhikkhus came to pay homage to the Buddha. When they came in, the Venerable Ananda, who was then attending on the Buddha, left the room and waited outside. After some time, Thera Ananda went in, but he did not find any of the bhikkhus. So, he asked the Buddha where all those bhikkhus had gone. The Buddha then replied, "Ananda, all those bhikkhus, after hearing my discourse, had attained arahatship, and with their supernormal powers, they let travelling through space."
(偈176)
欺妄不真语，违犯真谛法，
不信有来世，无恶而不作。
A liar who has transgressed the one law, and is indifferent to the other world — there is no evil they cannot do.
# 含义 Meaning
违逆真谛, 不信来世, 说妄语的人, 无恶不作。
For one who transgresses the Truth, and is given to lying, and who is unconcerned with the life hereafter, there is no evil that he dare not do.
* 故事集 Story
辛迦摩娜薇卡诬告佛陀 13-176
佛陀到处宏扬佛法之后，信受佛法的人越来越多，其他外道的信徒也就日渐减少。他们于是打算破坏佛陀得信誉，就怂恿他们一位美丽的女信徒辛迦摩娜薇卡：「如果妳真的关心我们的利益，请帮助我们羞辱佛陀。」她同意执行他们的计画。
当天夜晚，她携带一些花朵，朝揭达林给孤独园方向走，遇见她的人问她要去那里，她回答说：「你们知道我要去那里有什么意义吗？」回答后，她就到靠近精舍的外道家去过夜，而在隔天清晨离开，让别人以为她在揭达林给孤独园住宿。若有人问，她就回答：「我和佛陀在揭达林给孤独园一起过夜。」三四个月以后，她用一些布块裹住腹部，使自己看起来像怀孕的样子。九个月以后，她更假扮成快要临盆一般，前往揭达林给孤独园去找佛陀。
这时候，佛陀正在向比库和大众说法。她打断佛陀的话，加以指控：「啊，你这个大沙门！你倒是很聪明，可以向人说法。你让我怀孕，却对我要分娩的事不闻不问。你就只知道享乐！」
佛陀停止开示，告诉她：「这位姊妹，只有妳和我知道妳的话是否属实。」
她回答道：「是呀，别人怎么会知道，只有妳我两人所作的事呢！」
这当下，沙咖天帝明白揭达林给孤独园发生的事情，便派遣四位天神化身成年轻的老鼠，跑到她衣服里面，咬断她用来绑住腹部，伪装成怀孕的布块，她的技俩就被拆穿了。大众中很多人谴责她：「妳这个邪恶的女人！骗子！妳怎敢指控如此尊贵的宗教法师呢？」这时候，她担心自己的安危，使尽力气，赶忙逃走。但跑不了多远，就不幸发生意外，而死的很凄惨。
第二天，众多比库在讨论她的事情。佛陀告诫他们：「比库们！一个不怕说谎、不怕来生报应的人，对造作恶业不会迟疑。」佛陀接着说，辛迦摩娜薇卡过去的某一前世是国王的皇后。她爱上国王的一位儿子，但那位王子却不为所动，她就伤害自己的身子，然后向国王诬赖是王子在无法得逞私欲时，所下的毒手。
国王听见她的指控后，未加详察，就驱逐王子远离国境。后来，国王知道事情的真相后，她终于受到应得的惩处。
The Story of Cincamanavika 13-176
As the Buddha went on teaching the Dhamma, more and more people came flocking to him, and the ascetics of other faiths found their following to be dwindling. So they made a plan that would harm the reputation of the Buddha. They called the very beautiful Cincamanavika, a devoted pupil of theirs, to them and said to her, "If you have our interests in your heart, please help us and put Samana Gotama to shame." Cincamanavika agreed to comply.
That same evening, she took some flowers and went in the direction of the Jetavana monastery. When people asked her where she was going, she replied, "What is the use of you knowing where I am going?" Then she would go to the place of other ascetics near the Jetavana monastery and would come back early in the morning to make it appear as if she had spent the night at the Jetavana monastery. When asked, she would reply, "I spent the night with Samana Gotama at the Perfumed Chamber of the Jetavana monastery." After three or four months had passed, she wrapped up her stomach with some cloth to make her look pregnant. Then, after eight or nine months, she wrapped up her stomach with a round piece of thin wooden plank; she also beat up her palms and feet to make them swollen, and pretended to be feeling tired and worn out. Thus, she assumed a perfect picture of a woman in an advanced stage of pregnancy. Then, in the evening, she went to the Jetavana monastery to confront the Buddha.
The Buddha was then expounding the Dhamma to a congregation of bhikkhus and laymen. Seeing him teaching on the platform, she accused the Buddha thus: "O you big Samana! You only preach to others. I am now pregnant by you, yet you do nothing for my confinement. You only know how to enjoy your self!" The Buddha stopped preaching for a while and said to her, "Sister, only you and I know whether you are speaking the truth or not," and Cincamanavika replied, "Yes, you are right, how can others know what only you and I know?"
At that instant, Sakka, king of the devas, became aware of the trouble being brewed at the Jetavana monastery, so he sent four of his devas in the form of young rats. The four rats got under the clothes of Cincamanavika and bit off the strings that fastened the wooden plank round her stomach. As the strings broke, the wooden plank dropped, cutting off the front part of her feet. Thus, the deception of Cincamanavika was uncovered, and many from the crowd cried out in anger, "Oh you wicked woman! A liar and a cheat! How dare you accuse our noble Teacher!" Some of them spat on her and drove her out. She ran as fast as she could, and when she had gone some distance the earth cracked and fissured and she was swallowed up.
The next day, while the bhikkhus were talking about Cincamanavika, the Buddha came to them and said. "Bhikkhu;, one who is not afraid to tell lies, and who does not care what happens in the future existence, will not hesitate to do any evil."
(偈177)
悭贪不生天，愚者不赞施。
智者随喜施，后世得安乐。
Misers do not go to celestial realms. Fools do not praise generosity. The wise rejoice in giving and thus become happy.
# 含义 Meaning
悭吝者无法升天, 愚痴的人不赞叹布施; 智者时时随喜, 处处安乐。
Indeed, misers do not go to the abode of the devas; fools do not praise charity; but the wise rejoice in charity and so gain happiness in the life hereafter.
* 故事集 Story
供养比赛 13-177
巴谢那地王有一次盛大供养佛陀和众多比库。后来，他的百姓为了和他竞争，而举办更大的供养大会。国王和百姓之间的竞争就此持续不断。最后，玛莉咖皇后想出一个计画。她请国王兴建一座盛大的帐蓬，帐蓬中间，摆设十只装满各式各样檀香和香水的船，再准备几百只驯服的大象为比库撑白伞，同时，提供饮食服务的是公主。百姓们没有公主、白伞也没有大象，就无法继续和国王竞争了。当一切准备就绪之后，供养的无遮大会正式展开。进食之后，国王把大会所有的东西都供养给佛陀。
国王的两位大臣也在现场，其中一位大臣非常高兴，赞叹国王能够如此慷慨布施佛陀和众多比库，他也认为只有国王才能举办无遮大会，并且把功德与所有众生共享。总而言之，这位大臣非常高兴国王能举办这无人能比的布施。相反地，另一位大臣则认为国王不过是在浪费财富而已，他认为众多比库应供后，就会回精舍睡觉。
进食后，佛陀环视所有参与大众，也知道第二位大臣的想法。佛陀明白，如果再说冗长的随喜，第二位大臣会更不满意，所以出于对他的怜悯，只说了简短的随喜，就回精舍去了。但预期佛陀会用更长的时间表示谢意和随喜的国王，对佛陀简短的随喜感到失望。国王怀疑自己是否遗漏了什么事情，因此决定前去请教佛陀。
佛陀看见国王来时，告诉国王：「伟大的国王！你应该高兴能够举办无人能比的布施大会。这种布施的机会难得，每一佛住世时，只有一次这样的无遮大会。但你的一位大臣却认为是一种浪费，一点也不赞同这样的布施大会。如果我说较长的随喜，他会更加不满意，而造作更多的恶业。这就是我的随喜如此简洁的原因。」佛陀接着说：「国王！愚人不知随喜别人的布施，因此会堕落到比人间差的境界。智者随喜他人的布施，也因为这份珍惜，他们分享别人的功德，而往生天界。」
The Story of the Unrivalled Alms-Giving 13-177
Once, the king offered alms to the Buddha and other bhikkhus on a grand scale. His subjects, in competition with him, organized another alms-giving ceremony on a grander scale than that of the king. Thus, the king and his subjects kept on competing in giving alms. Finally, Queen Mallika thought of a plan; to implement this plan, she asked the king to have a grand pavilion built. Next, she asked for five hundred white umbrellas and five hundred tame elephants; those five hundred elephants were to hold the five hundred white umbrellas over the five hundred bhikkhus. In the middle of the pavilion, they kept ten boats which were filled with perfumes and incense. There were also two hundred and fifty princesses, who kept fanning the five hundred bhikkhus. Since the subjects of the king had no princesses, nor white umbrellas, nor elephants, they could no longer compete with the king. When all preparations were made, alms-food was offered. After the meal, the king made an offering of all the things in the pavilion, which were worth fourteen crores.
At the time, two ministers of the king were present. Of those two, the minister named Junha was very pleased and praised the king for having offered alms so generously to the Buddha and his bhikkhus. He also reflected that such offerings could only be made by a king. He was very glad because the king would share the merit of his good deeds with all beings. In short, the minister Junha rejoiced with the king in his unrivalled charity. The minister Kala, on the other hand, thought that the king was only squandering, by giving away fourteen crores in a single day, and that the bhikkhus would just go back to the monastery and sleep.
After the meal, the Buddha looked over at the audience and knew how Kala the minister was feeling. Then, he thought that if he were to deliver a lengthy discourse of appreciation, Kala would get more dissatisfied, and in consequence would have to suffer more in his next existence. So, out of compassion for Kala, the Buddha delivered only a short discourse and returned to the Jetavana monastery. The king had expected a lengthy discourse of appreciation, and so he was very sad because the Buddha had been so brief. The king wondered if he had failed to do something which should have been done, and so he went to the monastery.
On seeing the king, the Buddha said, "Great King! You should rejoice that you have succeeded in making the offering of the unrivalled charity (asadisadana). Such an opportunity comes very rarely; it comes only once during the appearance of each Buddha. But your minister Kala had felt that it was a waste, and was not at all appreciative. So, if I had given a lengthy discourse, he would get more and more dissatisfied and uncomfortable, and in consequence, he would suffer much more in the present existence as well as in the next. That was why I preached so briefly."
Then the Buddha added, "Great King! Fools do not rejoice in the charities given by others and go to the lower worlds. The wise rejoice in other people's charities and through appreciation, they share in the merit gained by others and go to the abode of the devas".
(偈178)
大地之君主，或生天界者，
一切世君王，不胜预流果。
（注：预流果-须陀洹果，初果）
Better than absolute sovereignty over the earth, better than going to heaven, better even than lordship over all the worlds, is the Fruit of a Stream-winner.
# 含义 Meaning
预流果比大地的统治者、往生天界的人和一切世界主更有价值。
Far better than sovereignty over the earth, or far better than going to the abodes of the devas, or far better than ruling supreme over the entire universe, is (the attainment of) Sotapatti Fruition.
* 故事集 Story
给孤独长者儿子的故事 13-178
克拉是给孤独长者的儿子。每当佛陀和弟子们到他家时，他都避不见面。给孤独长者担心儿子若不能改变这种心态的话，将来不知道要变成什么德行。给孤独长者就以一百个金子利诱他前去精舍，守一天的戒。他去了，但不听任何人说法，而且第二天一大早就回家。给孤独长者要给他佳肴，但他却开口要钱。
第二天，给孤独长者告诉他：「儿子呀！如果你能背颂佛陀的一首偈语，我给你一千个金子。」他就再度前往精舍。佛陀也向他说法，但知道他不是要诚心要学习佛法，纯粹只是对有钱兴趣而已，就用神通，使他无法牢记任何偈语。克拉只得重复练习背颂偈语，也因此，终于了解佛法的真实涵义，而证得初果。
第二天清晨，他跟随佛陀和众多比库到他家化缘，但心中却想着：「但愿父亲不要在佛陀面前给我金子。我可不想让佛陀知道我纯粹是为了钱，才遵守戒律。」
给孤独长者供养完佛陀和众多比库后，就拿出千个金子，要他收下，却出乎意料地被他拒绝。给孤独长者告诉佛陀：「世尊，我儿子已经改变他的念头了。他现在表现得非常尊贵。」他进一步告诉佛陀，如何利诱儿子去精舍学佛法的事。
「给孤独长者，妳的儿子已经了解佛法比转轮圣王、天神或婆罗门的财富更有价值。」佛陀如是说。
The Story of Kala, son of Anathapindika 13-178
Kala, son of Anathapindika, always kept away whenever the Buddha and his company of bhikkhus came to their house. Anathapindika was afraid that if his son kept on behaving in this way, he would be reborn in one of the lower worlds (apayas). So, he enticed his son with the promise of money. He promised to give one hundred if the youth consented to go to the monastery and keep sabbath for one day. So, the youth went to the monastery and returned home early the next day, without listening to any religious discourses. His father offered him rice gruel, but instead of taking his food, he first demanded to have the money.
The next day, the father said to his son, "My son, if you learn a stanza of the Text from the Buddha I will give you one thousand on your return." So, Kala went to the monastery again, and told the Buddha that he wanted to learn something. The Buddha gave him a short stanza to learn by heart; at the same time he willed that the youth would not be able to memorize it. Thus, the youth had to repeat a single stanza many times, but because he had to repeat it so many times, in the end, he came to perceive the full meaning of the Dhamma and attained Sotapatti Fruition.
Early on the next morning, he followed the Buddha and the bhikkhus to his own house. But on that day, he was silently wishing, "I wish my father would not give me the one thousand in the presence of the Buddha. I do not wish the Buddha to know that I kept the sabbath just for the sake of money." His father offered rice gruel to the Buddha and the bhikkhus, and also to him. Then, his father brought one thousand, and told Kala to take the money but surprisingly he refused. His father pressed him to take it, but he still refused. Then, Anathapindika said to the Buddha, "Venerable Sir, my son is quite changed; he now behaves in a very pleasant manner." Then he related to the Buddha how he had enticed the youth with money to go to the monastery and keep sabbath and to learn some religious texts. To him the Buddha replied, "Anathapindika! Today, your son has attained Sotapatti Fruition, which is much better than the riches of the Universal Monarch or that of the devas or that of the brahmas."
